Composite
39.5 / 100 percentile
| Component | Percentile | Raw | Weight | Weight share | Contribution | Counts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| financial risk | 80.2 | 67.2 | 0.30 | 0.2308 | 18.51 | in index |
| regulatory risk | 78.3 | 74.8 | 0.30 | 0.2308 | 18.07 | in index |
| chow risk | 55.1 | 53.3 | 0.15 | 0.1154 | 6.36 | in index |
| staffing risk | 8.7 | 8.8 | 0.25 | 0.1923 | 1.67 | in index |
| billing conduct | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.30 | 0.2308 | 0.00 | in index |
| Score type | Score | Grade | Model | Status | Registry model notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| billing conduct | 0.0 | A | v0.1-pacpuf-snf | default · in composite | R22. PAC PUF SNF 2023. PDPM coding intensity vs acuity, stay length, charge markup. |
| chow risk | 25.0 | B | v0.1-pos | default · in composite | Change-of-ownership footprint in the CMS Provider of Services file: control-family, legal-name and address deltas across quarterly snapshots, plus certification reset recency and Medicare tenure. |
| chow risk | 81.5 | F | v0.6 | default · in composite | |
| financial risk | 67.2 | D | v0.5 | default · in composite | R18. |
| p adverse action 12m | 17.4 | — | v0.1 | default · in composite | R23/W4-3. Deterministic logistic p(Medicare termination within 12m), SNF only. Label = first POS termination date (any code: voluntary closure, involuntary termination, merger exit); facilities already terminated by the panel date are excluded, not counted as safe. Trained on panels 2024-07/2024-10/2025-01 (n=46,466, 283 positives), evaluated on the held-out later panel 2025-04 BEFORE shipping: AUC 0.971, top-decile lift 9.5x, top-decile capture 95.4% of the 65 terminations that followed. Separability is high because closures announce themselves in the data: collapsing occupancy is the strongest signal, and the learned NEGATIVE weight on 12m deficiency counts is the surveys-stop signature of a facility winding down, not a claim that clean inspections are dangerous. Same 15 as-of-date features and anti-leakage chassis as p_chow_12m; SFF entry rejected as a label (only one month of SFF history exists, so as-of transitions cannot be reconstructed). Score = probability x 100; grade NULL. Not in any composite. |
| p chow 12m | 0.5 | — | v0.1 | default · in composite | R22/W4-2. Deterministic logistic p(CHOW within 12m), SNF only. Trained on panels 2024-07/2024-10/2025-01 (n=50,700, 1,207 positives), evaluated on the held-out later panel 2025-04 BEFORE shipping: AUC 0.874, top-decile lift 5.0x (top 10% of predictions captured 49.6% of the CHOWs that actually closed in the next 12 months). Shipped coefficients are the evaluated ones; no post-holdout refit. Caveat: holdout positives (133) run below the training base rate because recent CHOWs surface in public records with a lag, so measured lift is conservative. Features are as-of-date public records: PBJ staffing level/trend/contract share (quarterly history to 2022Q1), deficiency and CMP counts (12m), ownership tenure and churn from CHOW-evidenced transactions, beds, occupancy, ownership type, chain size. Chain membership and ownership type are current-state (history not published). SFF and star ratings deliberately excluded (no as-of history). Notable learned direction: long ownership tenure RAISES sale odds and a recent prior CHOW lowers them. Score = probability x 100; grade is NULL because a probability is not a quality letter. Not in any composite. |
| regulatory risk | 74.8 | D | v0.3 | default · in composite | Deficiency-based, SNF population. Runs alongside v0.5-pos. |
| staffing risk | 8.8 | A | v0.3 | default · in composite | Cost-report staffing, SNF population. Runs alongside v0.4-pos, which covers ICF/IID from POS. |
| financial risk | 66.5 | D | v0.1 | superseded | Pre-registry model iteration, superseded by a later financial_risk rebuild. Rows retained for audit per project convention (see regulatory_risk v0.4-pos); never consumed because v_cii_api_facility_score and the composite eligibility join both require status = default. Backfilled 2026-07-26 by alert triage on model_registry_integrity. |
| financial risk | 46.5 | C | v0.2 | superseded | Pre-registry model iteration, superseded by a later financial_risk rebuild. Rows retained for audit per project convention (see regulatory_risk v0.4-pos); never consumed because v_cii_api_facility_score and the composite eligibility join both require status = default. Backfilled 2026-07-26 by alert triage on model_registry_integrity. |
| financial risk | 55.0 | C | v0.3 | superseded | Pre-registry model iteration, superseded by a later financial_risk rebuild. Rows retained for audit per project convention (see regulatory_risk v0.4-pos); never consumed because v_cii_api_facility_score and the composite eligibility join both require status = default. Backfilled 2026-07-26 by alert triage on model_registry_integrity. |
| financial risk | 67.0 | D | v0.4 | superseded | Pre-registry model iteration, superseded by a later financial_risk rebuild. Rows retained for audit per project convention (see regulatory_risk v0.4-pos); never consumed because v_cii_api_facility_score and the composite eligibility join both require status = default. Backfilled 2026-07-26 by alert triage on model_registry_integrity. |
| regulatory risk | 74.7 | D | v0.1 | superseded | Pre-registry model iteration, superseded by a later regulatory_risk rebuild. Rows retained for audit per project convention (see regulatory_risk v0.4-pos); never consumed because v_cii_api_facility_score and the composite eligibility join both require status = default. Backfilled 2026-07-26 by alert triage on model_registry_integrity. |
| regulatory risk | 74.7 | D | v0.2 | superseded | Pre-registry model iteration, superseded by a later regulatory_risk rebuild. Rows retained for audit per project convention (see regulatory_risk v0.4-pos); never consumed because v_cii_api_facility_score and the composite eligibility join both require status = default. Backfilled 2026-07-26 by alert triage on model_registry_integrity. |
| staffing risk | 8.8 | A | v0.1 | superseded | Pre-registry model iteration, superseded by a later staffing_risk rebuild. Rows retained for audit per project convention (see regulatory_risk v0.4-pos); never consumed because v_cii_api_facility_score and the composite eligibility join both require status = default. Backfilled 2026-07-26 by alert triage on model_registry_integrity. |
| staffing risk | 8.8 | A | v0.2 | superseded | Pre-registry model iteration, superseded by a later staffing_risk rebuild. Rows retained for audit per project convention (see regulatory_risk v0.4-pos); never consumed because v_cii_api_facility_score and the composite eligibility join both require status = default. Backfilled 2026-07-26 by alert triage on model_registry_integrity. |
| Driver | Value | Pull on odds | |
|---|---|---|---|
| For-profit ownership | 0.00 | -1.24 | |
| Never sold on record | 1.00 | +0.62 | |
| Current owner tenure (years) | 25.00 | +0.57 | |
| Occupancy | 0.55 | +0.43 | |
| No PBJ staffing report | 0.00 | +0.42 | |
| Chain size (log) | 0.00 | -0.40 | |
| Total nurse staffing (HPRD) | 4.45 | -0.28 | |
| Ownership changes, last 5 years | 0.00 | +0.20 |
| Driver | Value | Pull on odds | |
|---|---|---|---|
| For-profit ownership | 0.00 | +1.62 | |
| Chain size (log) | 0.00 | +1.20 | |
| Deficiencies, last 12 months | 2.00 | +1.06 | |
| Staffing trend, last 4 quarters | 2.07 | +0.94 | |
| Occupancy | 0.55 | +0.84 | |
| Total nurse staffing (HPRD) | 4.45 | -0.52 | |
| No PBJ staffing report | 0.00 | +0.39 | |
| Fine amount, 12m (log) | 0.00 | +0.18 |
| 2025Q4 HPRD | This facility | IA median | National median | National p25–p75 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total nurse | 4.45 | 3.15 | 3.28 | 2.90–3.77 |
| RN | 0.78 | 0.46 | 0.39 | 0.25–0.58 |
| Weekend total | 4.05 | 2.96 | 3.11 | — |
| Weekday total | 4.61 | 3.20 | 3.35 | — |
| Quarter | Days | Avg census | Total HPRD | RN | LPN | CNA | Weekend | Contract % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025Q4 | 92 | 18.7 | 4.45 | 0.78 | 0.81 | 2.87 | 4.05 | 0.4% |
| 2025Q3 | 92 | 20.2 | 4.31 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 2.59 | 3.81 | 5.1% |
| 2025Q2 | 91 | 23.2 | 3.53 | 0.74 | 0.66 | 2.12 | 3.08 | 21.8% |
| 2025Q1 | 90 | 27.4 | 3.04 | 0.38 | 0.60 | 2.06 | 2.80 | 27.1% |
| 2024Q4 | 92 | 27.8 | 2.38 | 0.38 | 0.54 | 1.46 | 2.35 | 15.7% |
| 2024Q2 | 91 | 23.4 | 3.28 | 0.27 | 0.91 | 2.11 | 2.94 | 0.0% |
| 2024Q1 | 91 | 22.3 | 2.99 | 0.30 | 0.83 | 1.85 | 2.48 | 0.0% |
| 2023Q4 | 92 | 18.1 | 4.43 | 0.83 | 0.54 | 3.07 | 3.80 | 16.7% |
| 2023Q3 | 92 | 16.2 | 4.55 | 0.48 | 0.69 | 3.38 | 3.92 | 12.7% |
| 2023Q2 | 91 | 15.8 | 5.05 | 0.76 | 0.77 | 3.53 | 4.29 | 9.1% |
| 2023Q1 | 90 | 16.0 | 5.28 | 0.48 | 1.18 | 3.62 | 4.92 | 8.0% |
| 2022Q4 | 92 | 16.7 | 4.88 | 0.28 | 1.25 | 3.35 | 4.48 | 8.6% |
| 2022Q3 | 92 | 18.0 | 4.52 | 0.59 | 0.71 | 3.22 | 4.12 | 16.9% |
| 2022Q2 | 91 | 16.5 | 3.87 | 0.66 | 0.67 | 2.53 | 3.73 | 0.0% |
| 2022Q1 | 90 | 16.9 | 3.63 | 0.75 | 0.79 | 2.09 | 3.29 | 1.3% |
| Date | Type | Fine | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-07-17 | Fine | $21,986 | CMS provider data |
| 2024-02-15 | Payment Denial | — | CMS provider data |
| Survey | Type | Tag | Deficiency | Scope | Corrected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-04-22 | Health · complaint | F0755 | Provide pharmaceutical services to meet the needs of each resident and employ or obtain the services of a licensed pharmacist. | D | 2026-04-23 |
| 2026-04-22 | Health · complaint | F0760 | Ensure that residents are free from significant medication errors. | D | 2026-04-23 |
| 2025-06-05 | Health | F0609 | Timely report suspected abuse, neglect, or theft and report the results of the investigation to proper authorities. | D | 2025-06-28 |
| 2025-06-05 | Health | F0637 | Assess the resident when there is a significant change in condition | D | 2025-06-28 |
| 2025-06-05 | Health | F0641 | Ensure each resident receives an accurate assessment. | D | 2025-06-28 |
| 2025-06-05 | Health | F0658 | Ensure services provided by the nursing facility meet professional standards of quality. | D | 2025-06-28 |
| 2025-04-01 | Health · complaint | F0550 | Honor the resident's right to a dignified existence, self-determination, communication, and to exercise his or her rights. | D | 2025-04-25 |
| 2025-04-01 | Health · complaint | F0657 | Develop the complete care plan within 7 days of the comprehensive assessment; and prepared, reviewed, and revised by a team of health professionals. | D | 2025-04-25 |
| 2025-04-01 | Health · complaint | F0688 | Provide appropriate care for a resident to maintain and/or improve range of motion (ROM), limited ROM and/or mobility, unless a decline is for a medical reason. | D | 2025-04-25 |
| 2025-04-01 | Health · complaint | F0755 | Provide pharmaceutical services to meet the needs of each resident and employ or obtain the services of a licensed pharmacist. | D | 2025-04-25 |
| 2025-04-01 | Health · complaint | F0865 | Have a plan that describes the process for conducting QAPI and QAA activities. | F | 2025-04-25 |
| 2025-02-07 | Health · complaint | F0550 | Honor the resident's right to a dignified existence, self-determination, communication, and to exercise his or her rights. | E | 2025-04-25 |
| 2025-02-07 | Health · complaint | F0609 | Timely report suspected abuse, neglect, or theft and report the results of the investigation to proper authorities. | D | 2025-03-03 |
| 2025-02-07 | Health · complaint | F0684 | Provide appropriate treatment and care according to orders, resident’s preferences and goals. | D | 2025-03-03 |
| 2025-02-07 | Health · complaint | F0689 | Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents. | D | 2025-03-03 |
| 2025-02-07 | Health · complaint | F0725 | Provide enough nursing staff every day to meet the needs of every resident; and have a licensed nurse in charge on each shift. | F | 2025-03-03 |
| 2025-02-07 | Health · complaint | F0726 | Ensure that nurses and nurse aides have the appropriate competencies to care for every resident in a way that maximizes each resident's well being. | F | 2025-03-03 |
| 2025-02-07 | Health · complaint | F0727 | Have a registered nurse on duty 8 hours a day; and select a registered nurse to be the director of nurses on a full time basis. | F | 2025-03-03 |
| 2025-02-07 | Health · complaint | F0755 | Provide pharmaceutical services to meet the needs of each resident and employ or obtain the services of a licensed pharmacist. | E | 2025-04-25 |
| 2025-02-07 | Health · complaint | F0835 | Administer the facility in a manner that enables it to use its resources effectively and efficiently. | F | 2025-03-03 |
| 2025-02-07 | Health · complaint | F0865 | Have a plan that describes the process for conducting QAPI and QAA activities. | F | 2025-04-25 |
| 2025-02-07 | Health · complaint | F0908 | Keep all essential equipment working safely. | E | 2025-03-03 |
| 2024-07-17 | Health · complaint | F0641 | Ensure each resident receives an accurate assessment. | B | 2024-08-16 |
| 2024-07-17 | Health · complaint | F0644 | Coordinate assessments with the pre-admission screening and resident review program; and referring for services as needed. | D | 2024-08-16 |
| 2024-07-17 | Health · complaint | F0656 | Develop and implement a complete care plan that meets all the resident's needs, with timetables and actions that can be measured. | D | 2024-08-16 |
| 2024-07-17 | Health · complaint | F0657 | Develop the complete care plan within 7 days of the comprehensive assessment; and prepared, reviewed, and revised by a team of health professionals. | D | 2024-08-16 |
| 2024-07-17 | Health · complaint | F0660 | Plan the resident's discharge to meet the resident's goals and needs. | D | 2024-08-16 |
| 2024-07-17 | Health · complaint | F0727 | Have a registered nurse on duty 8 hours a day; and select a registered nurse to be the director of nurses on a full time basis. | F | 2024-08-16 |
| 2024-07-17 | Health | F0758 | Implement gradual dose reductions(GDR) and non-pharmacological interventions, unless contraindicated, prior to initiating or instead of continuing psychotropic medication; and PRN orders for psychotropic medications are only used when the medication is necessary and PRN use is limited. | D | 2024-08-16 |
| 2024-07-17 | Health · complaint | F0760 | Ensure that residents are free from significant medication errors. | G | 2024-08-16 |
| 2024-07-17 | Health | F0851 | Electronically submit to CMS complete and accurate direct care staffing information, based on payroll and other verifiable and auditable data. | C | 2024-08-16 |
| 2024-07-17 | Health | F0880 | Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program. | D | 2024-08-16 |
| 2024-07-17 | Health · complaint | F0882 | Designate a qualified infection preventionist to be responsible for the infection prevent and control program in the nursing home. | D | 2024-08-16 |
| 2024-07-17 | Health | F0883 | Develop and implement policies and procedures for flu and pneumonia vaccinations. | D | 2024-08-16 |
| 2024-02-15 | Health · complaint | F0550 | Honor the resident's right to a dignified existence, self-determination, communication, and to exercise his or her rights. | D | 2024-03-15 |
| 2024-02-15 | Health · complaint | F0689 | Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents. | G | 2024-03-15 |
| 2023-05-18 | Health | F0644 | Coordinate assessments with the pre-admission screening and resident review program; and referring for services as needed. | D | 2023-06-30 |
| 2023-05-18 | Health | F0686 | Provide appropriate pressure ulcer care and prevent new ulcers from developing. | D | 2023-06-30 |
| 2023-05-18 | Health | F0758 | Implement gradual dose reductions(GDR) and non-pharmacological interventions, unless contraindicated, prior to initiating or instead of continuing psychotropic medication; and PRN orders for psychotropic medications are only used when the medication is necessary and PRN use is limited. | D | 2023-06-30 |
| Owner | Role | Pct | From | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BISSEN, LAWRENCE | CORPORATE DIRECTOR | — | 2016-03-01 | current | pecos_ownership |
| BISSEN, LAWRENCE | CORPORATE OFFICER | — | 2022-03-01 | current | pecos_ownership |
| BRUMM, KAREN | CORPORATE OFFICER | — | 2015-03-31 | current | pecos_ownership |
| EMERSON, MELANIE | CORPORATE DIRECTOR | — | 2022-04-01 | current | pecos_ownership |
| HEMANN, KURT | CORPORATE OFFICER | — | 2024-03-11 | current | pecos_ownership |
| LENTZ, HALEY | ADP OF THE SNF | — | 2025-12-09 | current | pecos_ownership |
| LENTZ, HALEY | OPERATIONAL/MANAGERIAL CONTROL | — | 2024-10-16 | current | pecos_ownership |
| PITZEN, RONNIE | CORPORATE DIRECTOR | — | 2022-04-01 | current | pecos_ownership |
| POINTCLICKCARE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. | OPERATIONAL/MANAGERIAL CONTROL | — | 2023-01-01 | current | pecos_ownership |
| ROSS, KELLY | OPERATIONAL/MANAGERIAL CONTROL | — | 2023-01-01 | current | pecos_ownership |
| STREIT, PHIL | CORPORATE OFFICER | — | 2022-03-01 | current | pecos_ownership |
| WEIS, MARLENE | CORPORATE DIRECTOR | — | 2020-03-01 | current | pecos_ownership |
| KAREN BRUMM | CORPORATE OFFICER | 14% | 2015-03-31 | ended 2026-05-18 | pecos_ownership |
| LAWRENCE BISSEN | CORPORATE OFFICER | 14% | 2022-03-01 | ended 2026-05-18 | pecos_ownership |
| MARLENE WEIS | CORPORATE DIRECTOR | 14% | 2020-03-01 | ended 2026-05-18 | pecos_ownership |
| MELANIE EMERSON | CORPORATE DIRECTOR | 14% | 2022-04-01 | ended 2026-05-18 | pecos_ownership |
| PHIL STREIT | CORPORATE OFFICER | 14% | 2022-03-01 | ended 2026-05-18 | pecos_ownership |
| RONNIE PITZEN | CORPORATE DIRECTOR | 14% | 2022-04-01 | ended 2026-05-18 | pecos_ownership |
| HALEY LENTZ | OPERATIONAL/MANAGERIAL CONTROL | — | 2024-10-16 | ended 2026-05-18 | pecos_ownership |
| HALEY LENTZ | ADP OF THE SNF | — | 2025-12-09 | ended 2026-05-18 | pecos_ownership |
| KELLY ROSS | ADP OF THE SNF | — | 2023-01-01 | ended 2026-05-18 | pecos_ownership |
| KURT HEMANN | CORPORATE OFFICER | — | 2024-03-11 | ended 2026-05-18 | pecos_ownership |
| LAWRENCE BISSEN | CORPORATE DIRECTOR | — | 2016-03-01 | ended 2026-05-18 | pecos_ownership |
| Close | Facility | Price | $/bed | Cap rate | Beds | Buyer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-09-01 | St Luke's Regional Medical Center SNF | — | — | — | 20 | NORTHWEST IOWA HOSPITAL CORPORATION |
| 2025-08-01 | Crystal Heights Care Center | — | — | — | 72 | CANFIELD RIVER HEALTHCARE LLC |
| 2025-06-01 | AMS Memorial-Greene | — | — | — | 31 | AMS MEMORIAL-GREENE LLC |
| 2025-02-05 | Chapters Living of Council Bluffs | — | — | — | 102 | CHAPTERS COUNCIL BLUFFS OPCO LLC |
| 2025-02-01 | Osage Rehab and Health Care Center | — | — | — | 46 | OPCO OSAGE IA LLC |
| 2025-02-01 | Iowa City Rehab & Health Care | — | — | — | 89 | OPCO IOWA CITY IA LLC |
| 2025-02-01 | Accura Healthcare of Creston | — | — | — | 31 | ACCURA HEALTHCARE OF CRESTON LLC |
| 2025-02-01 | Casa De Paz Health Care Center | — | — | — | 71 | OPCO 19TH ST SIOUX CITY IA LLC |
| 2025-02-01 | Pleasant Acres Care Center | — | — | — | 46 | OPCO HULL IA LLC |
| 2025-02-01 | Cedar Falls Health Care Center | — | — | — | 70 | OPCO CEDAR FALLS IA LLC |
| 2025-02-01 | Accura Healthcare of Onawa | — | — | — | 46 | ACCURA HEALTHCARE OF ONAWA LLC |
| 2025-02-01 | Grundy Care Center | — | — | — | 40 | OPCO GRUNDY CENTER IA LLC |
| Geo | Kind | BR | Amount | As of | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| county 19131 | fmr | 0 | $682 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_FMR |
| county 19131 | acs median gross | 1 | $683 | 2024-12-31 | CENSUS_ACS5 |
| county 19131 | fmr | 1 | $774 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_FMR |
| county 19131 | acs median gross | 2 | $768 | 2024-12-31 | CENSUS_ACS5 |
| county 19131 | fmr | 2 | $919 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_FMR |
| county 19131 | acs median gross | 3 | $693 | 2024-12-31 | CENSUS_ACS5 |
| county 19131 | fmr | 3 | $1,156 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_FMR |
| county 19131 | acs median gross | 4 | $834 | 2024-12-31 | CENSUS_ACS5 |
| county 19131 | fmr | 4 | $1,227 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_FMR |
| county 19131 | acs median gross | $738 | 2024-12-31 | CENSUS_ACS5 | |
| zcta 50476 | acs median gross | 2 | $758 | 2024-12-31 | CENSUS_ACS5 |
| zcta 50476 | acs median gross | $664 | 2024-12-31 | CENSUS_ACS5 | |
| zip 50476 | payment standard 110 | 0 | $748 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_SAFMR |
| zip 50476 | payment standard 90 | 0 | $612 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_SAFMR |
| zip 50476 | safmr | 0 | $680 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_SAFMR |
| zip 50476 | payment standard 110 | 1 | $847 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_SAFMR |
| zip 50476 | payment standard 90 | 1 | $693 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_SAFMR |
| zip 50476 | safmr | 1 | $770 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_SAFMR |
| zip 50476 | payment standard 110 | 2 | $1,012 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_SAFMR |
| zip 50476 | payment standard 90 | 2 | $828 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_SAFMR |
| zip 50476 | safmr | 2 | $920 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_SAFMR |
| zip 50476 | payment standard 110 | 3 | $1,276 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_SAFMR |
| zip 50476 | payment standard 90 | 3 | $1,044 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_SAFMR |
| zip 50476 | safmr | 3 | $1,160 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_SAFMR |
| zip 50476 | payment standard 110 | 4 | $1,353 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_SAFMR |
| zip 50476 | payment standard 90 | 4 | $1,107 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_SAFMR |
| zip 50476 | safmr | 4 | $1,230 | 2025-10-01 | HUD_USER_SAFMR |